A Descriptive Study to assess the knowledge and Attitude Among  

Pre- University Students Regarding Organ Donation in Selected

Pre-University College at Mysore with a View to Developed Pamphlet

 

Mrs. Lissa J.¹*, Ms. Saraswathi K.N. ¹

¹Assistant Professor, JSS College of Nursing, Mysore

 

ABSTRACT:

BACK GROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The main aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of pre – university students regarding organ donation. In selected Pre- university College at Mysore.

 

METHODS:

A descriptive survey was adopted. The sample consist of 60 Pre-university students were selected using non probability convenient sampling technique from selected Pre – university College. The data collection tool consisted of a personal profile, structured knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale. Content validity of the structured knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale as established in consultation with subject experts. Reliability of structured knowledge questionnaire was done by using split half method and found 0.80 and reliability of attitude scale was done by test –retest method and found 0.95 and the tools were found reliable.

 

RESULT:

The data analysis was done by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that all Pre-university students 60(100%) are having good knowledge regarding organ donation. And majority 56(93.33%) of Pre-university students were having neutral attitude towards organ donation and 4(3.33%) were having positive attitude.  And also it shows that there was no significant association found between knowledge and attitude level with their selected personnel variables except awareness program with attitude level.

 

KEY WORDS: Knowledge, attitude, structured knowledge questionnaire, Attitude scale, Organ donation.

 

“How far that little candle throws his beams!! So shines a good deed in a naughty world.”

                                                     By William Shakespeare.

 

Organ donation is the donation of biological tissue or an organ of the human body, from a living or dead person to a living recipient in need of a transplantation.¹⁸

 

 

The idea of transplanting organs is a hot news. It can be found in myths of the ancient Greeks and was referred to by even older civilization. But until the middle of twentieth century it remained largely impossible, a piece of myth, or fantasy, or science fiction skin and eyes were among the first successful transplantation.¹⁸

 

When organs such as the heart, kidney or liver fail, and no drugs are available, a transplant can be the only remaining option. Organ transplant were first attempted a hundred years ago, but early efforts failed because of rejection- the body sees the new tissues as foreign and the immune systems destroy patient.

 

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

More than 115,000 men, women and children currently need life saving organ transplants. Every 10 minutes another name is added to the national organ transplant waiting list. Every 48 hours a person dies, waiting for an organ donation. One person donating his or her organs can save up to 50 lives. As it is not just the organ, but tissues, bones and skin too can be donated.²¹

 

In 2012, 354 organ donors gave 1,052 Australians a new chance in life. Only around 1% of people actually die in hospital in the specific circumstances where organ donation is possible. The circumstances in which you can become a tissue donor are less limited. In Australia the family will always be asked to confirm the donation wishes of the deceased before donation can proceed. In Australia less than 60% of families give consent for organ and tissue donation to proceed. The quality of care for a potential donor at the end of his or her life, and the wishes of their family, is always the foremost consideration of those involved, and is newer compromised by the potential for organ and tissue donation.

 

OBJECTIVES:

1.      To determine the knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among pre university students.

2.      To find the association of knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among pre university students with their selected demographic variables.

 

RESEARCH APPROACH:

As the main objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of Pre University Students regarding organ donation.

 

VARIABLES:

The main variables of study are :

·        Knowledge regarding organ donation

·        Attitude regarding organ donation

 

The selected personal variables in the study are age, gender, education of father, education of the mother, type of family, religion, previous awareness and source of awareness, and family history of organ donation.

 

SETTING OF THE STUDY:

The setting is the physical location and condition in which data collection takes place. This study was conducted in J S S Pre University College, Mysore.

 

POPULATION:

Population is the entire set of individuals or objects having some common characteristics. In the present study population comprise of pre university students studying in the selected pre university college Mysore.

 

SAMPLE AND SAMPLING:

The sample for the present study consisted of 60 pre university students studying in selected pre university college Mysore.

 

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Sample from the selected pre university college is selected using non probability convenience sampling technique.

 

Data collection:       

The instruments for the present study consisted of

·        Personal profile to collect the sample’s demographic variables

·        Structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge of pre-university students regarding organ donation.

·        Attitude scale to assess the attitude of pre-university students regarding organ donation.

 

RESULTS:

Section 1:

Description of sample characteristics.

Frequency and percentage distribution of Pre-university students according to their sample characteristics.

 

Table 1-FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ACCORDING TO   THEIR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES n=60

 

 

Section 2:

Description of Pre-university student’s knowledge regarding organ donation:

The mean, median, range and standard deviation of knowledge scores were computed and presented in Table 2

 

Table 2 Mean, median, standard deviation and range of knowledge scores of Pre-university students regarding organ donation.n = 60

GROUP	MEAN	MEDIAN	SD	RANGE
Pre-university students	20	20.5	+/-1.52	16-22

 

Data presented in Table 2 shows that knowledge scores of Pre-university students regarding organ donation ranged from 16-22 against the maximum score of 24. It also reveals that the mean knowledge score was 20, with standard deviation of +/- 1.52 and median 20.5.

 

Table 3-Frequency and percentage distribution of Pre-university students according to their level of knowledge regarding organ donation.n = 60

Level of knowledge	Frequency(f)	Percentage (%)
Poor knowledge	00	0%
Moderate knowledge	00	0%
Good knowledge	60	100%

 

The obtained knowledge scores of Pre-university students regarding organ donation was further classified into two groups based on the grading poor knowledge (1-8), moderate knowledge (9-18) and good knowledge (19-24). Distribution of Pre-university students according to their level of knowledge regarding the organ donation

 

Section 3: Attitude of Pre-university students regarding organ donation:

Attitude of Pre-university students regarding organ donation was assessed using attitude scale. The mean, median, range and standard deviation of attitude scores were computed and presented in Table3.

 

Table 4-Mean, median, standard deviation and range of attitude scores of Pre-university students regarding organ donation.

GROUP	MEAN	MEDIAN	SD	RANGE
Pre-university students	45.95	46	+/- 3.55	41 – 52

 

It also reveals that the mean attitude score was 45.95, with standard deviation +/- 3.55 and median 46

 

The obtained scores of Pre-university students regarding organ donation was further classified into  3 categories that are negative attitude 35( 50%), neutral attitude 36-52( 51-75%) and positive attitude 53-70( 76- 100%) . Distribution of Pre-university students according to their level of attitude regarding organ donation

 

Table 5-Frequency distribution of Pre-university students according to their attitude regarding organ donation.n = 60

Level of knowledge	Frequency(f)	Percentage (%)
Negative attitude	00	0%
Neutral attitude	56	93.33%
Good attitude	04	6.66%

 

Table 5 shows that majority 56 (93.33%) of Pre-university students were having neutral attitude towards organ donation and only 4(3.33%) were having positive attitude.

 

Section 4:

Findings related to association of level of knowledge and attitude and their selected demographic variables viz:  age, education of father, education of mother, type of family, previous awareness, history of organ donation in the family. Computed Chi-square values for association between level of knowledge and their selected demographic variables viz: age, gender, education of father, education of mother, religion, type of family, previous awareness and source of awareness and history of organ donation in the family were not found to be statistically significant at 0.05 level Chi-square between the level of attitude of Pre-university students and their selected demographic variables. computed chi-square values for association between level of attitude of Pre-university students and their selected demographic variables viz: age, gender, education of father, education of mother, religion, type of family and history of organ donation in the family were not found to be statistically significant at 0.05 level except previous awareness regarding organ donation.

 

CONCLUSION:

Findings of the study revealed that all Pre-university students 60(100%) are having good knowledge regarding organ donation. And majority 56(93.33%) of Pre-university students were having neutral attitude towards organ donation and 4(3.33%) were having positive attitude.  And also it shows that there was no significant association found between knowledge and attitude level with their selected personnel variables except awareness program with attitude level.

 

RECOMMENDATIONS:

The following recommendations were made based to the results of the study

·      A comparative study can be conducted on knowledge regarding organ donation among nurses, nursing teachers, students and other health care professionals.

·      A similar survey may be replicated on a large sample for better generalization of results.

·      A similar comparative survey may be conducted among adolescent and adults.

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1.       Krishnaiah S, Kovai V, Nutheti R, Shamanna BR, Thomas R, Rao GN. Awareness of eye donation in rural population of India. Indian J Ophthalmol [online]. 2004 [cited 2013 Jan 9]; Available from: http://www.ijp.in/text.asp?2004/52/1/73/14623

2.       Saad Abdullah Alghanim. Knowledge and attitude towards organ donation a community based study comparing rural and urban population. [online]. 2010 [cited 2010 Jan 8]; Availabel from: www.sjkdt.org/article.asp?

3.       Sonmez Y. To assess the attitude behavior related to organ donation and affecting factors among last term students in university Suleyman Deniial at Turkey. [online] 2010 [cited 2010 June 3];Available from: www.ncbi.n/m.nih.gov/pubmed/ 20620452

4.       Coad L. To assess the relationship between knowledge and attitude of young adults towards organ donation and transplantation among young adults in UK. [online]. 2013 [cited 2013 May 13]; Available from: www.transplantation research.com

 

 

 

Received on 21.01.2014           Modified on 12.02.2014

Accepted on 06.03.2014           © A&V Publication all right reserved